Developing Objective Communication-based Measures of Trust for Human-Autonomy Teams

As artificial intelligence capabilities have improved, humans have begun teaming with autonomous agents that have the capability to communicate and make intelligent decisions that are adaptable to task situations. Trust is a core component of human-human and human-autonomy team (HAT) interaction. As with all-human teams, the amount of trust held within a HAT will impact the team’s ability to perform effectively and achieve its goals. A recent theoretical framework, distributed dynamic team trust (D2T2; Huang et al., 2021), relates trust, team interaction measures, and team performance in HATs and has called for interaction-based measures of trust that go beyond traditional questionnaire-based approaches to measure the dynamics of trust in real-time. In this research, these relationships are examined by investigating HAT interaction communication-based measures (ICM; amount, frequency, affect, and “pushing” vs. “pulling” of information between team members) as a mechanism for D2T2 and tested for predictive validity using questionnaire-based trust measures as well as team performance in a three-team member remotely-piloted aerial system (RPAS) HAT synthetic task. Results suggest that ICM can be used as a measure for team performance in real-time. Specifically, ICM was a significant predictor of team performance and not trust, and trust was not a significant predictor of team performance. Exploratory factor analyses of the trust questionnaire items discovered clear differences in how human teammates characterize trust in all-human teams and HATs. Specifically for HATs, interpersonal and technical factors associated with trust in autonomous agents were found as a result of dynamic exposure to the autonomous agent by distinct stakeholders through communication. These findings confirmed the underlying theory behind D2T2 as a framework that includes both interpersonal and technical factors related to trust in HAT along a dynamic timeline among different types of stakeholders. The findings provide some insight into the dynamic nature of trust, but continued research to discover interactive measures of trust is necessary.M.S

Quantitation of mitral regurgitation after percutaneous MitraClip repair: comparison of Doppler echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

Objective: Percutaneous valve intervention for severe mitral regurgitation (MR) using the MitraClip is a novel technology. Quantitative assessment of residual MR by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is challenging, with multiple eccentric jets and artifact from the clips. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is the reference standard for left and right ventricular volumetric assessment. CMR phase-contrast flow imaging has superior reproducibility for quantitation of MR compared to echocardiography. The objective of this study was to establish the feasibility and reproducibility of CMR in quantitating residual MR after MitraClip insertion in a prospective study

Intervendor consistency and reproducibility of left ventricular 2D global and regional strain with two different high-end ultrasound systems

Aims We aimed to assess intervendor agreement of global (GLS) and regional longitudinal strain by vendor-specific software after EACVI/ASE Industry Task Force Standardization Initiatives for Deformation Imaging. Methods and results Fifty-five patients underwent prospective dataset acquisitions on the same day by the same operator using two commercially available cardiac ultrasound systems (GE Vivid E9 and Philips iE33). GLS and regional peak longitudinal strain were analyzed offline using corresponding vendor-specific software (EchoPAC BT13 and QLAB version 10.3). Absolute mean GLS measurements were similar between the two vendors (GE -17.5±5.2% vs. Philips -18.9±5.1%, P = 0.15). There was excellent intervendor correlation of GLS by the same observer [r = 0.94,